Evaluating Truth and Validity Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Truth and Validity EssayTruth and validity argon two different concepts which should non be confused, although they are usu every(prenominal)y taken as synonyms in common language. In logic, it is said that the careen is valid when the conclusion follows deductively from the premises. While of the premises and the conclusion is that they are rightful(a) or false, the arguments are said to be valid or hamper. The validity or invalidity of the argument does not depend on its conclusion to be true. According to Moss (2007) Understanding Truth aims to illuminate the notion of verity, and the role it plays in our ordinary thought, as well as in our logical, philosophical, and scientific theories. The argument is valid, when you check consistency and sense. It has coherence because the premises do not contradict each other and correspond to the conclusion (para.12). Therefore, we must distinguish between the concept of trueness and validity. Truth is some thing that i s preached propositions or educational activitys. Validity is predicated of the arguments. Truth slays reference to the content, and the validity to the shape or structure of the arguments.This reading volition address three scenarios in which it testament evaluate each argument, using the 4-step process regarding truth and validity. The first scenario is Power must be evil because it gage corrupt lot. The first thing this composition bequeath address is if the argument is stated fully and in a clear way. The literary argument has a hidden premise. The premise expressed of the statement back end be view as Power is evil because it creates corruption. Therefore must powerful people are corrupt. The statement has errors affecting truth. From the statement we know that the statement is overgeneralizing its context because it is taking a valid point and it is extending it beyond the limits of reasonableness. Sometimes this statement can be true exclusively we cant grow all po werful people are evil. The fact that power corrupts all people is a negative statement.All through break through history there has been many an(prenominal) of people that had power that were not evil. For Example, Nelson Mandela was a very powerful man in South Africa. According to Vallely (2003) His life was an inspiration not just in South Africa but throughout the world, to all who are oppressed and deprived, and to all whoare opposed to oppression and deprivation. He was a model of faith, hope and brotherly love (para.11). In the other hand, there has been people corrupted that had power. For Example, Adolf Hitler and Napoleon were very powerful and corrupt individuals. According to Napoleon and Hitler (2010) Both were heartless and cavalier well-nigh the lives of their men (Napoleon A man like me cares little about losing the lives of a million men Hitler I can send the flower of German callowness into the hell of war without the slightest pity).As for their legacies, Seward states that Napoleon began the irreversible destruction of the old hierarchical, Christian Europe and the Fuhrer completed it (para.12). According Kivisto (2013) Evil is an entity, person, place or thing that does not deserve compromise or negotiation. It must be destroyed. Dictionary. Reference.com describes it as the force in nature that governs and gives rise to wickedness and sin (para.2) Also, not all corrupt people are evil. Mexico, for exercise, is full of corrupt leaders, but in the other hand, there are not evil. Another corrupt organization is the union International of Football Association, known as FIFA, but is not evil. How corrupt you have to be to be consider Evil. There are people who are corrupt, but are not in any way evil. In conclusion, it is instal that this argument is so flawed that the only thing to do is to throw it out and embrace a different argument. It is found that power if used right can do so much good, and if power is in the wrong hands it can do enormous harm.The second scenario talks about The citation eyeshade habit promotes slapdash spending, particularly among young people. Therefore, credit card companies should not be permitted to issue credit cards to any one(a) under age 21. This reading will evaluate truth and validity and also it will talk about the four step process in evaluating an argument. Not all young people are careless spenders. The statement The credit card habit promotes careless spending, particularly among young people. Therefore, credit card companies should not be permitted to issue credit cards to anyone under age 21. Is not truth as it is written. From past experiences people came to the conclusion that in fact people under the age of 21 get into a lot of debt from credit cards, but not all the debt is form credit cards. Also, there is a lot of people that have credit card debt and over 21.This readingnotice that this argument is overgeneralizing its context. This statement could be truth at ti mes. According to Herman (2008) Credit card companies have been pursuing teenagers and designing credit cards so they can diddle about the credit system, says Gary Herman, President of Consolidated Credit. And although most teenagers dont fully understand the repercussions of using a credit card and the impact it can have on their future financial situations, more teens are working and are spending their own money. Credit card companies believe they have put on the jackpot (para.3). In the other hand, there have been many people who are filled with credit card debt and are over the age of 21. In the following step checking for validity errors, it is found that this statement is somewhat valid. Credit card companies dont promote careless spending. It is the parents responsibilities to study their kids of proper ways to manage their finances.The argument talks about credit cards are promoting careless spending in which is true, but there is a lot of people under the age of 21 who a re responsible for owning a credit card. Not all young people under 21 are careless spenders. The final step is to validate errors, if found the reading will revise the argument to eliminate them. The credit card habit promotes careless spending, particularly among young people. Therefore, credit card companies should run credit checks on all people applying for one. The third scenario talks about Low grades on a college transcript are a handicap in the cheat market, so teachers who grade harshly are doing students a ill service. To make the expression complete, the reading will identify the premises that are hidden in this argument. Companies take into consideration a lot of factors when it comes to hiring personal, and one of those is how well they did in school to include grades.Employers requisite productive employees and ones that perform well. If an applicant with good grades apply for a position and another one with bad grades apply nine out of ten the one with the good gr ades will get the job. Teachers main job is to teach coach and mentor them towards their entrance in the job market and to make sure they meet all the requirements of a desired profession. Teachers who grade harshly are doing disserve to students by many different ways. Teachers may deduct points because of lack of federation or attendance, which it doesnt means he is a bad student but in the other hand he might have job that intervenes with him being on time. This statementcontains an element of truth, yet it is not accurate. According to Belkin (2003) The test, called the Collegiate Learning Assessment, provides an objective, benchmarked report card for critical thinking skills, said David Pate, dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at St. John Fisher College, a small liberal-arts school near Rochester, N.Y. The students will be able to use it to go out and market themselves.The test is part of a movement to find new ways to assess the skills of grads. Employers say grades can be misleading and that they have braggy skeptical of college credentials. (para.3). In the other hand according to McNicol (1999) In the independent performance survey of the 25 colleges, Georgian had impressive results, including above-average scores for graduate placement and satisfaction, Georgian officials said. The survey was conducted as part of the accountability initiatives spearheaded by the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training. Called the key performance indicators (KPI) project, it found 90 per cent of 600 Georgian College grads surveyed found work within six months of graduation, slightly higher than the system- wide 89 per cent (pg.2). In the final step, it will revise the argument to eliminate errors.The statement Low grades on a college transcript are a handicap in the job market, so teachers who grade harshly are doing students a disservice has errors. Not all companies look into college transcripts before they hired a future employee they are several other f acts that come in play before the hiring process, for example past experiences, work history, military experience, resume, etc. In conclusion, validity is a property of forms or structures of deductive arguments. It does not mean that their proposals are always true. An invalid form means that even if the premises are true, the conclusion is not necessarily true. Therefore, there are deductive arguments that may be valid, but not true, and, therefore, not solid.ReferencesMoss, P. A. (2007). Reconstructing validity. Educational Researcher, 36(8), 470-476. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/216903729?accountid=458 Vallely, P. (2013, Dec 07). Nelson Mandela. The Independent Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1465444822?accountid=458 NAPOLEON ANDHITLER. (2010). Kirkus Reviews, Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/915700909?accountid=458 Kivisto, P. (2013). Evil. Choice, 50(5), 976. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1312183109?accoun tid=458 Herman, G. (2008). Teenagers credit cards. Retrieved from www.consalidatedcredit.org http//www.consolidatedcredit.org/credit-card-debt/teenagers-and-cards/back Belkin, D. (2013, Aug 25). Are you ready for the post-college SAT? employers say they dont trust grade-point averages. Wall Street ledger (Online) Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1427661410?accountid=458 McNichol, P. (1999, Mar 11). Good grades for georgian Most grads, employers happy with college courses. Sun Times Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/349164482?accountid=458